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Government — 2026年カナダ市民権テスト練習

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カナダは立憲君主制、議会制民主主義、連邦国家です。市民権テストでは、カナダ人がどのように各レベルで自治を行っているかが問われます。 — Discover Canada

王室と立憲君主制

カナダの国家元首は君主（国王または女王）です。総督が連邦レベルで王室を代表します。カナダは北米で唯一の立憲君主制国家であり、世界最古の継続的な立憲制の伝統を持っています。

議会

議会は君主、上院、下院の3つで構成されます。上院議員は任命され、下院議員（MP）は選挙で選ばれます。首相と内閣が統治し、野党が責任を追及します。

連邦・州・市の三層構造

カナダには3つのレベルの政府があります。連邦政府は国防、貿易、移民を担当。州は医療と教育を管理。市町村は警察、消防、公共交通などの地域サービスを担います。

選挙と投票

カナダ市民は下院議員を選挙で選びます。連邦および州の選挙で投票することは、市民の権利であり責任です。カナダは秘密投票制度を採用しており、少なくとも5年ごとに選挙が行われます。

司法制度

カナダの司法は独立しています。カナダ最高裁判所が最高裁判所です。カナダの法制度はイギリスのコモン・ローに基づいています（ケベック州ではフランスの民法）。適正手続き、法の支配、人身保護令状が基本原則です。

法律の制定過程

法案は下院で3回の読会を通過し、次に上院で可決され、総督の裁可を得て法律となります。市民は請願、議員への連絡、パブリックコンサルテーションを通じて参加できます。
Government — 全問題 (137)
  1. 1. What type of government does Canada have?
  2. 2. What does 'constitutional monarchy' mean?
  3. 3. Who is Canada's Head of State?
  4. 4. Who is the Head of Government?
  5. 5. What are the three branches of government?
  6. 6. What are the three parts of Canada's Parliament?
  7. 7. What are the three levels of government in Canada?
  8. 8. Who represents the Sovereign in Canada?
  9. 9. Who represents the Sovereign in each of Canada's ten provinces?
  10. 10. In the three territories, who represents the federal government?
  11. 11. How is the Governor General appointed?
  12. 12. How long does the Governor General usually serve?
  13. 13. Who was the 18th Governor General of Canada, shown in a famous photo with Oscar Peterson?
  14. 14. Adrienne Clarkson, who established the Clarkson Cup for women's hockey, was the first Governor General of what origin?
  15. 15. How many judges serve on the Supreme Court of Canada?
  16. 16. How many readings must a bill go through in the House of Commons before it can become law?
  17. 17. What is a proposal for a new law called?
  18. 18. What is 'royal assent'?
  19. 19. How are Senators appointed?
  20. 20. Who selects the Cabinet ministers?
  21. 21. What is the main role of the Executive Branch?
  22. 22. What is the primary responsibility of the Legislative Branch?
  23. 23. What is the main role of the Judicial Branch?
  24. 24. Where are Canada's Parliament buildings located?
  25. 25. In Canada, the provincial governments are responsible for which of the following?
  26. 26. Which of the following are key responsibilities of the federal government?
  27. 27. How often are members of the House of Commons elected?
  28. 28. The head of a provincial government is called:
  29. 29. What does a provincial legislature consist of?
  30. 30. What does 'federalism' allow provinces to do?
  31. 31. Which responsibilities are shared by both the federal government and the provinces?
  32. 32. What does MLA stand for?
  33. 33. What does MPP stand for?
  34. 34. What does MNA stand for?
  35. 35. How many territories does Canada have?
  36. 36. What is the British North America Act, 1867 now known as?
  37. 37. What three key elements define Canada's government system?
  38. 38. What happens to Cabinet ministers who are defeated in a non-confidence vote?
  39. 39. Who appoints the judges of the Supreme Court of Canada?
  40. 40. What does the Sovereign symbolize in Canada?
  41. 41. As Head of the Commonwealth, the Sovereign links Canada to how many other nations?
  42. 42. Which courts are directly under the Supreme Court of Canada?
  43. 43. What is a 'parliamentary democracy'?
  44. 44. Who do Canadians vote for in federal elections?
  45. 45. After an election, which party forms the government?
  46. 46. How are Members of Parliament chosen?
  47. 47. Who is entitled to vote in Canadian federal elections?
  48. 48. Canadian law secures the right to what kind of ballot?
  49. 49. How many electoral districts are there in Canada?
  50. 50. Electoral districts in Canada are also known as:
  51. 51. How many Members of Parliament does each electoral district elect?
  52. 52. When are federal elections held in Canada?
  53. 53. What is the opposition party with the most members in the House of Commons called?
  54. 54. What is the role of opposition parties in Canada?
  55. 55. What is a voter information card?
  56. 56. What must you bring to the polling station on election day?
  57. 57. How do voters cast their vote in Canada?
  58. 58. What is it called when the party in power holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons?
  59. 59. Municipal governments are responsible for which of the following?
  60. 60. What is the law passed by municipal councils called?
  61. 61. Who usually makes up a municipal council?
  62. 62. Who is responsible for education in Canada?
  63. 63. Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the federal government?
  64. 64. What is the main role of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)?
  65. 65. Which two provinces have their own provincial police service?
  66. 66. In Canada, are you allowed to question the police about their service or conduct?
  67. 67. What is the role of the courts in Canada?
  68. 68. In Canada, who is considered above the law?
  69. 69. What does the principle of 'due process' mean?
  70. 70. In the Canadian judicial system, what does 'presumption of innocence' mean?
  71. 71. Which is the highest court in Canada?
  72. 72. Who governs First Nations reserves?
  73. 73. Who prepares the federal budget in Canada?
  74. 74. The leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes:
  75. 75. What usually happens if the government is defeated in the House of Commons?
  76. 76. What is the National Register of Electors?
  77. 77. At what age are Canadian citizens added to the National Register of Electors?
  78. 78. How old must Canadian citizens be to run in a federal election?
  79. 79. What can voters do if they are unable to vote on election day?
  80. 80. Who does a Member of Parliament represent?
  81. 81. What is the role of provincial, regional, and national Aboriginal organizations?
  82. 82. What is written on a federal election ballot?
  83. 83. What does 'secret ballot' mean?
  84. 84. In municipalities, electoral areas are called what?
  85. 85. Where do most Cabinet ministers come from?
  86. 86. What does the Legislative Branch consist of?
  87. 87. What are the two types of members in the House of Commons?
  88. 88. In the federal government, what is the Prime Minister responsible for?
  89. 89. What is a key responsibility of municipal governments?
  90. 90. What is the Federal Court of Canada responsible for?
  91. 91. Canada's legal system is built on which key principles?
  92. 92. What are Canadian laws intended to do?
  93. 93. What can you do in Canada if you cannot afford a lawyer?
  94. 94. What did the Constitutional Act of 1791 do?
  95. 95. What does MHA stand for?
  96. 96. Who proposes most new laws in Canada?
  97. 97. When the House of Commons votes on a major issue such as the budget, this is considered a:
  98. 98. What is the role of prisons in Canada?
  99. 99. How are election results made public in Canada?
  100. 100. Who produces the voters' lists used during federal elections?
  101. 101. How is the Member of Parliament for an electoral district chosen?
  102. 102. The Prime Minister and Cabinet run the government as long as they have what?
  103. 103. Who invites the leader of the political party with the most seats to form the government after an election?
  104. 104. Which Governor General served from 1967 to 1974 and modernized the office?
  105. 105. Canada's Head of State reigns in accordance with what?
  106. 106. Where are provincial and territorial laws passed?
  107. 107. What are Cabinet ministers responsible for?
  108. 108. The Lieutenant Governor is usually appointed for a term of how many years?
  109. 109. Who appoints the Lieutenant Governor?
  110. 110. Can more than one candidate run from the same electoral district?
  111. 111. Can Canadian voters re-elect the same individual multiple times?
  112. 112. Can you still be added to the voters' list if you did not receive a voter information card?
  113. 113. What happens to the ballot after it is marked?
  114. 114. Senators in Canada are elected by the people.
  115. 115. The Prime Minister is the Head of State of Canada.
  116. 116. Voting is compulsory in Canada.
  117. 117. The Governor General is elected by the Canadian people.
  118. 118. Canada is a republic.
  119. 119. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court in the country.
  120. 120. The House of Commons has 308 electoral districts.
  121. 121. What benefits did the Quebec Act of 1774 give to Catholic people?
  122. 122. A bill must be read how many times in the House of Commons and Senate before it becomes law?
  123. 123. What happens if a majority of the House of Commons votes against a major government decision?
  124. 124. The Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers together are called:
  125. 125. If the party in power holds at least half of the seats in the House of Commons, it is called a:
  126. 126. The voter's lists used during federal elections are produced by:
  127. 127. What is NORAD?
  128. 128. Our judicial system is founded on the presumption of innocence, meaning everyone is considered innocent until:
  129. 129. Which is NOT a responsibility of the provincial government?
  130. 130. Who selects Cabinet Ministers in the federal government?
  131. 131. Who passed the Quebec Act of 1774?
  132. 132. In a federal election, Canadians vote for:
  133. 133. How can a citizen vote if they cannot go to the polls on election day?
  134. 134. The Sovereign has an active political role in Canadian democracy.
  135. 135. Cabinet Ministers are responsible for running federal government departments.
  136. 136. A bill needs Royal Assent before it becomes law in Canada.
  137. 137. Federal elections in Canada are held every four years.

2026年カナダ市民権テストのGovernment問題を練習。各問題にDiscover Canadaを参照した詳しい解説付き。

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